History and Evolution of Infant Formulas

!±8± History and Evolution of Infant Formulas

As weaning occurred, it was the common practice to give "pap", a mixture of grain and water (recorded in the 1600s). Other foods such as butter, raw meat, juices, broth and sugar were also added to the milk mixture, beer, wine and occasionally drugs were given as a sedative.

In the 1700's, sanitation practices developed and the use of cow's milk and barley water became popular. In early 90's, evaporated milk was used as the formula base. The original "formula" often consisted of 13 oz evaporated water + 1 tablespoon cod liver oil (for the fat-soluble vitamins) + 1 tablespoon or more of orange juice and sweetener of honey or syrup. One of the first commercial formula in the United states was SMA = "synthetic milk adapted".

In the 1960's the use of commercial formula was "vogue" as increased numbers of women entered the workplace. Over the last 20 years many new formulas have been developed for use in various clinical situations. Such as premature birth, fat malabsorption, metabolic disorders (i.e PKU) or formulas with decreased electrolytes and minerals for renal disorders.

Some standard formulas today are now enriched with nucleotides, very long chain fatty acids (DHA and EPA) and all compete to have a nutrient composition "almost identical to breast milk".

There is agreement among health care professionals, infant food manufacturers and mothers that breastfeeding is the best choice for feeding infants during their first four to six months of life. But there are several reasons why a mother may not breast feed her baby:
• Medical or other health reasons may prevent a mother from breastfeeding
• Working outside the home makes it more difficult to breast feed exclusively, especially if there is no support at her workplace for her to either bring her baby or to express and store her milk.
• Choosing not to breastfeed for personal reasons, either from the birth of the baby or after breast feeding for a short while. Which is a mother's prerogative.

If you cannot, or choose not to breast feed your baby, you need to find a safe alternative to breast milk, Infant formulas are an ideal choice because they are manufactured to strict standards of hygiene and formulated according to recognized international nutritional standards. But infant formula is the safest alternative only if the mother or care giver is educated on the importance of using sterile utensils, boiling the water, washing their hands, and using the exact proportions of water and formula. Proper preparation and storage can make the difference between a healthy or sick baby and even saving a baby's life.

To ensure that infant formula prepared at home is safe, follow these precautions:
• Choose a clean area to prepare the formula
• Always wash your hands thoroughly with clean water and soap before handling the items required for formula preparation and when mixing formula.
• When preparing formula, always use safe, clean drinking water as well as clean and boiled bottles and utensils.
• Cool boiled water to body temperature before mixing. Prepare one bottle at a time-according to label instructions and feed immediately.
• Always start each feeding with a freshly prepared bottle of formula. Do not save unfinished bottle feed.

In summary, you need to be consistently and meticulously careful or your baby may become ill from dirty water, bottle, nipples or unsanitary conditions in the preparation area. Here are a few other "don'ts"
• Do not give ordinary cow or goat's milk to your baby for the entire first year. This milk does not meet your baby's vitamin and mineral needs and has a high level of protein that is hard for your baby to digest. Straining your baby's immature kidneys.
• Take into consideration that evaporated, condensed and sweetened condensed milks are too strong for infant's and need to be diluted. Also, that ordinary milks or milk powders are nutritionally unbalanced for an infant's needs and should be mixed carefully according to your health care professional's recommendations.
• Avoid gruels made from cassave, rice, maize, or other plants. Which are totally unsuitable breast-milk substitutes for infants less than 4 months old. They don't have the proper nutrition and can cause choking if there are any solids in them.